A new study from New York University paints a grim picture for the future of radio. Larry Miller, head of the Steinhart Music Business Program, says that traditional radio, by failing to adapt to the rise of digital formats, has not engaged with Generation Z — people born after 1995. He also warns that radio will continue to decline in popularity and relevance unless substantial changes are made.

The problem for the industry, in a nutshell, is that young people don’t listen to the radio. Young millennials only spend 12 percent of their listening time on radios, according to a 2016 Music Business Association study. On-demand streaming, such as Spotify or Apple Music, account for more than half of Generation Z’s daily listening.

People have been predicting the demise of radio forever,  but there’s no denying that the quality and selection is different music is far superior to analog FM.

There’s one place where radio is still king, however: in our automobiles. According to a 2015 Nielsen report, at least once a week 245 million people tuned in to the radio. But the average car was more than 11 years old in 2016, according to the Department of Transportation. Newer cars have digital options, from smartphone integration to services like Sirius.

Other highlights of the report:

The National Association of Broadcasters, unsurprisingly, takes issue with some of the conclusions in Miller’s report: “Millions of Americans rely on radio for information and entertainment every week. Nielsen data affirms radio’s continued vitality. In the face of a constantly shifting media landscape, radio continues to have the broadest weekly reach among all media.”

You can read the full PDF report here: Paradigm Shift: Why Radio Must Adapt to the Rise of Digital.