The European Space Agency (ESA)’s planetary defense mission, Hera, has completed the first major maneuver of its journey following its launch in October. The spacecraft has burned its thrusters to put it on a course toward Mars, which it should reach to perform a gravity assist flyby in 2025.
The mission is a follow-up to NASA’s DART mission, which deliberately crashed into an asteroid in 2022. DART was testing to see whether impacting a spacecraft into an asteroid could alter its trajectory, which it succeeded in doing. The idea is that if an asteroid should ever threaten Earth, space agencies could send a spacecraft to crash into it and knock it off course.
However, scientists want to know much more detail about what the exact effects of the DART impact on the asteroid were. They know that it reshaped the asteroid as well as changed its trajectory, but they want more information about what the asteroid is composed of and the exact effects of the impact. That’s where Hera comes in — it is traveling to that same asteroid, called Dimorphos, to observe it up close.
To reach the asteroid, Hera has performed its first maneuver consisting of two bursts from its thrusters on October 23 and November 6. “Deep-space maneuvers are often split into parts,” explained Sylvain Lodiot, Hera Spacecraft Operations Manager, in a statement. “The first, larger burn does most of the work. Then, after precisely measuring the spacecraft’s trajectory, we use the second, smaller burn to correct any inaccuracy and provide the rest of the required boost.”
The burns succeeded in changing the spacecraft’s trajectory and pointing it toward Mars, and it will now require just a small correction maneuver on November 21 to fine-tune its approach.
When Hera arrives at Mars, it will use the gravity of the planet to push it toward its target, Dimorphos, which is the smaller partner of the Didymos asteroid and where it will arrive in late 2026. While passing by Mars, Hera will perform science operations, including studying Mars’s small moon, Deimos, which it will pass within 185 miles of.
“We are very fortunate that Mars is in the right place at the right time to lend a hand to Hera,” said Pablo Muñoz of the ESA’s European Space Operations Centre. “This enabled us to design a trajectory that uses the gravity of Mars to accelerate Hera towards Didymos, offering substantial fuel savings to the mission and allowing Hera to arrive at the asteroids months earlier than would otherwise be possible.”
After 13 suborbital test flights and more than $15 billion in development costs, SpaceX's Starship has finally reached orbit. The 407-foot megarocket, the most powerful ever built, lifted off from Starbase, Texas, on Monday and delivered its first real payload on it's 14th attempt. The celebration came with an asterisk, though, since SpaceX had to cut the planned 10-hour mission to roughly three hours.
https://twitter.com/SpaceX/status/2104601695711904180
SpaceX is finally ready to give Starship its biggest test yet. The company says the massive rocket's 14th test flight is scheduled for September 22, when it will attempt to put the upper stage into Earth orbit for the first time. The launch is currently pending regulatory approval, with a 75-minute window opening at 7:15 a.m. CT.
Starship has 26 Starlink satellites to deliver
For decades, humanity has looked up at the Moon and wondered what it would be like to live on it. Think sprawling cities, factories, research centers, and permanent human settlements. Unfortunately, there is one fairly fundamental problem with that vision.
A new study published in Frontiers in Space Technologies argues that even the Moon's potentially enormous reserves of frozen water may be nowhere near enough to support city-sized populations sustainably. Researchers Martin Elvis and Jonathan McDowell estimate that the permanently shadowed regions near the lunar poles could contain roughly one billion tons of water. It sounds like an extraordinary amount until you put a million thirsty humans next to it.